Corporate giving, also known as corporate philanthropy, is the practice of businesses donating money, resources or time to charitable causes. I believe it is an important aspect of corporate social responsibility and can have a significant impact on communities and society.<\/p>
Corporate giving can take on many forms, including financial donations, in-kind donations and employee volunteer programs. Financial donations can be made to a variety of organizations, such as non-profits, educational institutions and cultural organizations.<\/p>
In-kind donations, such as providing goods or services, can also be a valuable form of support for charities and non-profits. Lastly, employee volunteer programs are another effective way for businesses to give back by encouraging employees to use their skills and talents to support charitable causes.<\/p>
At my company, we practice giving back in many various ways but tend to focus on financial and in-kind donations for reasons I'll outline below. There are many factors to consider with corporate giving, so it is beneficial for you to do your research prior to deciding which route to take.<\/p>
For instance, companies that encourage their employees to volunteer at non-profit organizations or donate their time and skills to help with specific projects may sometimes only notice the pros like building team morale and fostering a sense of community involvement; however, some argue that this approach is exploitative, with many employees feeling obligated to volunteer their time outside of work hours.<\/p>
In comparison, companies can provide monetary donations. This can provide immediate assistance to those in need and help fund various social causes. Some may criticize this approach as a form of \"checkbook philanthropy\" as not addressing the root causes of social issues. For this reason, it may be important to back up financial donations with other actions.<\/p>
Personally, I have noticed that corporate giving can have many numerous benefits for companies, including improved employee morale, increased brand reputation, and further strides in community impact. Nonetheless, it is important for companies to consider any potential downsides of their approach and ensure that their actions align with their core values and goals.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Read the full article about corporate giving by Kellie Rastegar at Forbes. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"In today's increasingly socially conscious world, corporate giving has become an important tool for businesses to demonstrate their commitment to making a positive impact.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Forbes","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-additional-approaches.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/the-many-forms-of-corporate-giving-programs","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":true,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":40,"name":"Additional Approaches","slug":"additional-approaches"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":122,"name":"Global","slug":"global"},{"id":134,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","slug":"corporate-social-responsibility"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["additional-approaches","region","global","corporate-social-responsibility"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216392,"title":"Personalized Learning and Technology Innovation","summary":"\r\n \tTechnology can help advance personalized learning in classrooms and helps boost student agency.<\/li>\r\n \tTech innovation gives students creative outlets and helps drive learning and achievement. What happens when tech isn't available to all students?<\/li>\r\n \tRead about the importance of teachers<\/a> in a technology-driven world.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall,\u00a0I met with several education leaders\u00a0to discuss this very topic and codify what it looks like in the classroom.Technology is associated with personalized learning for a variety of reasons. As we can\u2019t truly be a one-to-one ratio teacher to student, using devices becomes important to help student learning be genuinely personal. Lindsey Blass, an education specialist at\u00a0Adobe, mentions that it\u2019s much more than students plugging into devices while following some self-guided playlist. \u201cWe see personalized learning as students really having agency and ownership in their learning experience,\u201d she shared.Differentiation plays a role in the definition of personalized learning as well. Zareen Poonen Levien, the director of digital learning at\u00a0San Francisco Unified School District\u00a0(SFUSD), suggests that technology can be leveraged to fully engage a student to give them choice and creativity. \u201cA really important part of it is that students feel like they belong and have a place in the classroom,\u201d she shared.\u00a0Studies do show\u00a0that deeper learning happens when students have this sense of being understood.Student agency also plays an important role in personalized learning. Students thrive when they have a choice in what they learn and how they engage with the content, such as \u201chaving a way for them to demonstrate their learning that makes the most sense for them,\u201d adds Rebecca Hare, a community engagement manager at Adobe. Identifying all these different pathways for students to demonstrate their learning is the basis for high-quality personalized learning.","html_content":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall,\u00a0I met with several education leaders<\/a>\u00a0to discuss this very topic and codify what it looks like in the classroom.<\/p>Technology is associated with personalized learning for a variety of reasons. As we can\u2019t truly be a one-to-one ratio teacher to student, using devices becomes important to help student learning be genuinely personal. Lindsey Blass, an education specialist at\u00a0Adobe<\/a>, mentions that it\u2019s much more than students plugging into devices while following some self-guided playlist. \u201cWe see personalized learning as students really having agency and ownership in their learning experience,\u201d she shared.<\/p>Differentiation plays a role in the definition of personalized learning as well. Zareen Poonen Levien, the director of digital learning at\u00a0San Francisco Unified School District<\/a>\u00a0(SFUSD), suggests that technology can be leveraged to fully engage a student to give them choice and creativity. \u201cA really important part of it is that students feel like they belong and have a place in the classroom,\u201d she shared.\u00a0Studies do show<\/a>\u00a0that deeper learning happens when students have this sense of being understood.<\/p>Student agency also plays an important role in personalized learning. Students thrive when they have a choice in what they learn and how they engage with the content, such as \u201chaving a way for them to demonstrate their learning that makes the most sense for them,\u201d adds Rebecca Hare, a community engagement manager at Adobe. Identifying all these different pathways for students to demonstrate their learning is the basis for high-quality personalized learning.<\/p>Read the full article about technology in personalized learning by Carl Hooker at EdSurge. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall, I met with several ...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"EdSurge","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-science.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/personalized-learning-and-technology-innovation","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":109,"name":"Technology","slug":"technology"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176563,"name":"Science","slug":"science"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","technology","region","north-america","education-philanthropy","science"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216349,"title":"Considerations for Improved Models of Early Childhood Care and Education in India","summary":"\r\n \tIndia could benefit from a more robust early childhood care and education approach in order to improve foundational literacy of the country's earliest learners.<\/li>\r\n \tHow can India leverage its strong force of community-based education workers to improve early childhood care and education programs?<\/li>\r\n \tRead about effective funding models<\/a> for education in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend.There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara, but have already been\u00a0ingrained\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators\u2019.\u00a0Studies\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.","html_content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy<\/a>\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat<\/a>\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education<\/a>\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.<\/p>Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall,\u00a0I met with several education leaders<\/a>\u00a0to discuss this very topic and codify what it looks like in the classroom.<\/p>Technology is associated with personalized learning for a variety of reasons. As we can\u2019t truly be a one-to-one ratio teacher to student, using devices becomes important to help student learning be genuinely personal. Lindsey Blass, an education specialist at\u00a0Adobe<\/a>, mentions that it\u2019s much more than students plugging into devices while following some self-guided playlist. \u201cWe see personalized learning as students really having agency and ownership in their learning experience,\u201d she shared.<\/p>Differentiation plays a role in the definition of personalized learning as well. Zareen Poonen Levien, the director of digital learning at\u00a0San Francisco Unified School District<\/a>\u00a0(SFUSD), suggests that technology can be leveraged to fully engage a student to give them choice and creativity. \u201cA really important part of it is that students feel like they belong and have a place in the classroom,\u201d she shared.\u00a0Studies do show<\/a>\u00a0that deeper learning happens when students have this sense of being understood.<\/p>Student agency also plays an important role in personalized learning. Students thrive when they have a choice in what they learn and how they engage with the content, such as \u201chaving a way for them to demonstrate their learning that makes the most sense for them,\u201d adds Rebecca Hare, a community engagement manager at Adobe. Identifying all these different pathways for students to demonstrate their learning is the basis for high-quality personalized learning.<\/p>Read the full article about technology in personalized learning by Carl Hooker at EdSurge. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall, I met with several ...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"EdSurge","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-science.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/personalized-learning-and-technology-innovation","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":109,"name":"Technology","slug":"technology"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176563,"name":"Science","slug":"science"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","technology","region","north-america","education-philanthropy","science"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216349,"title":"Considerations for Improved Models of Early Childhood Care and Education in India","summary":"\r\n \tIndia could benefit from a more robust early childhood care and education approach in order to improve foundational literacy of the country's earliest learners.<\/li>\r\n \tHow can India leverage its strong force of community-based education workers to improve early childhood care and education programs?<\/li>\r\n \tRead about effective funding models<\/a> for education in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend.There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara, but have already been\u00a0ingrained\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators\u2019.\u00a0Studies\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.","html_content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy<\/a>\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat<\/a>\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education<\/a>\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.<\/p>Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Technology is associated with personalized learning for a variety of reasons. As we can\u2019t truly be a one-to-one ratio teacher to student, using devices becomes important to help student learning be genuinely personal. Lindsey Blass, an education specialist at\u00a0Adobe<\/a>, mentions that it\u2019s much more than students plugging into devices while following some self-guided playlist. \u201cWe see personalized learning as students really having agency and ownership in their learning experience,\u201d she shared.<\/p>Differentiation plays a role in the definition of personalized learning as well. Zareen Poonen Levien, the director of digital learning at\u00a0San Francisco Unified School District<\/a>\u00a0(SFUSD), suggests that technology can be leveraged to fully engage a student to give them choice and creativity. \u201cA really important part of it is that students feel like they belong and have a place in the classroom,\u201d she shared.\u00a0Studies do show<\/a>\u00a0that deeper learning happens when students have this sense of being understood.<\/p>Student agency also plays an important role in personalized learning. Students thrive when they have a choice in what they learn and how they engage with the content, such as \u201chaving a way for them to demonstrate their learning that makes the most sense for them,\u201d adds Rebecca Hare, a community engagement manager at Adobe. Identifying all these different pathways for students to demonstrate their learning is the basis for high-quality personalized learning.<\/p>Read the full article about technology in personalized learning by Carl Hooker at EdSurge. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall, I met with several ...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"EdSurge","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-science.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/personalized-learning-and-technology-innovation","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":109,"name":"Technology","slug":"technology"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176563,"name":"Science","slug":"science"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","technology","region","north-america","education-philanthropy","science"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216349,"title":"Considerations for Improved Models of Early Childhood Care and Education in India","summary":"\r\n \tIndia could benefit from a more robust early childhood care and education approach in order to improve foundational literacy of the country's earliest learners.<\/li>\r\n \tHow can India leverage its strong force of community-based education workers to improve early childhood care and education programs?<\/li>\r\n \tRead about effective funding models<\/a> for education in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend.There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara, but have already been\u00a0ingrained\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators\u2019.\u00a0Studies\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.","html_content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy<\/a>\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat<\/a>\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education<\/a>\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.<\/p>Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Differentiation plays a role in the definition of personalized learning as well. Zareen Poonen Levien, the director of digital learning at\u00a0San Francisco Unified School District<\/a>\u00a0(SFUSD), suggests that technology can be leveraged to fully engage a student to give them choice and creativity. \u201cA really important part of it is that students feel like they belong and have a place in the classroom,\u201d she shared.\u00a0Studies do show<\/a>\u00a0that deeper learning happens when students have this sense of being understood.<\/p>Student agency also plays an important role in personalized learning. Students thrive when they have a choice in what they learn and how they engage with the content, such as \u201chaving a way for them to demonstrate their learning that makes the most sense for them,\u201d adds Rebecca Hare, a community engagement manager at Adobe. Identifying all these different pathways for students to demonstrate their learning is the basis for high-quality personalized learning.<\/p>Read the full article about technology in personalized learning by Carl Hooker at EdSurge. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall, I met with several ...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"EdSurge","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-science.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/personalized-learning-and-technology-innovation","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":109,"name":"Technology","slug":"technology"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176563,"name":"Science","slug":"science"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","technology","region","north-america","education-philanthropy","science"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216349,"title":"Considerations for Improved Models of Early Childhood Care and Education in India","summary":"\r\n \tIndia could benefit from a more robust early childhood care and education approach in order to improve foundational literacy of the country's earliest learners.<\/li>\r\n \tHow can India leverage its strong force of community-based education workers to improve early childhood care and education programs?<\/li>\r\n \tRead about effective funding models<\/a> for education in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend.There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara, but have already been\u00a0ingrained\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators\u2019.\u00a0Studies\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.","html_content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy<\/a>\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat<\/a>\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education<\/a>\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.<\/p>Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Student agency also plays an important role in personalized learning. Students thrive when they have a choice in what they learn and how they engage with the content, such as \u201chaving a way for them to demonstrate their learning that makes the most sense for them,\u201d adds Rebecca Hare, a community engagement manager at Adobe. Identifying all these different pathways for students to demonstrate their learning is the basis for high-quality personalized learning.<\/p>
Read the full article about technology in personalized learning by Carl Hooker at EdSurge. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Personalized learning has been a buzzword in education since the turn of the century. But what does it really mean? This past fall, I met with several ...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"EdSurge","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-science.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/personalized-learning-and-technology-innovation","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":109,"name":"Technology","slug":"technology"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176563,"name":"Science","slug":"science"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","technology","region","north-america","education-philanthropy","science"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216349,"title":"Considerations for Improved Models of Early Childhood Care and Education in India","summary":"\r\n \tIndia could benefit from a more robust early childhood care and education approach in order to improve foundational literacy of the country's earliest learners.<\/li>\r\n \tHow can India leverage its strong force of community-based education workers to improve early childhood care and education programs?<\/li>\r\n \tRead about effective funding models<\/a> for education in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend.There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara, but have already been\u00a0ingrained\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators\u2019.\u00a0Studies\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.","html_content":"As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy<\/a>\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat<\/a>\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education<\/a>\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.<\/p>Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
As a country, India (along with the rest of the Global South) is taking the criticality of\u00a0foundational literacy and numeracy<\/a>\u2014popularly known as FLN into serious consideration. There is an urgency in achieving FLN skills for all children in the early primary grades, and this is evident in the focus on\u00a0NIPUN Bharat<\/a>\u00a0across the nation. However, to actualise FLN goals, it is imperative to cast a similar spotlight on\u00a0early childhood care and education<\/a>\u00a0(ECCE)\u2014focused on stimulation and learning for children in the age group of three to six years, often known as the preschool stage.<\/p>Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Despite national frameworks stressing the importance of ECCE, it has been a\u00a0slow journey<\/a>\u00a0to translate it into actionable policy, create a plan with sufficient budgets, and then further take it to execution. The time is nigh for the education community to push for universal, high-quality preschool education (either through Anganwadis or schools) by 2030, if we want to make use of our\u00a0demographic dividend<\/a>.<\/p>There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
There are many factors in our favour that can help in effective implementation of ECCE, the key being the relative readiness of the important stakeholders. India has one of the world\u2019s largest cadre of community-based childcare experts in the form of the\u00a0Anganwadi workers<\/a>\u00a0(AWWs)\u2014frontline workers who have been a part of the child\u2019s life since childhood and, therefore, are closely involved with the child and their family. They are cognisant of the importance of play-based and activity-based learning\/teaching\u2014concepts that have been introduced nationally through initiatives such as the\u00a0Jaadui Pitara<\/a>, but have already been\u00a0ingrained<\/a>\u00a0over the years in the AWWs. They also verbalise the desire to upskill and be known as \u2018educators<\/a>\u2019.\u00a0Studies<\/a>\u00a0show visible uptake in attendance, learning outcomes, and socio-cognitive skill building when play-based learning is implemented in Anganwadi centres or preschools.<\/p>What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
What we need is a practical yet innovative approach to ECCE\u2014simple ways to create a community-rooted education system that is scalable and effective from scratch, rather than having to embark on a bandage mission later. This can manifest itself in different ways.<\/p>
Read the full article about early childhood care and education by Shreejita Shrivastava and Siddhant Sachdeva at India Development Review. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Early childhood care and education is essential for not just school readiness, but also life readiness of our youth.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"India Development Review","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-education.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/considerations-for-improved-models-of-early-childhood-care-and-education-in-india","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 6, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 6, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":136,"name":"Early Childhood Education","slug":"early-childhood-education"},{"id":738,"name":"India","slug":"india"}],"_date_added":1680739200,"_date_modified":1680739200,"_categories":["education","region","early-childhood-education","india"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216310,"title":"Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute Q&A: Women\u2019s Rising Power and Influence (Part Two)","summary":"","intro":"In this six-part series, the\u00a0Women\u2019s Philanthropy Institute<\/a> (WPI) shares commentary and research-based insights on the evolving philanthropic landscape. In part two, WPI highlights the power and potential of women's philanthropy to advance gender equity. Read part one<\/a> of this series.<\/em>","content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0We know from our research that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our Women & Girls Index, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?WPI research shows that women are more likely than men to give to charity, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including online giving platforms and social networks or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of giving circles.\u00a0We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that our research shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.\nQ. WPI's 2023 Symposium: All In, All Rise that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201dFrom how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.\nQ. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity, we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that...","html_content":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity?<\/b><\/p>
Around the world, women are harnessing their power across many spheres of influence to increase awareness of women\u2019s issues. From gender-based violence, to unequal pay, to a lack of representation in political and other leadership roles, women are speaking up about gender inequities, impacting the societal conversation and galvanizing support for women\u2019s issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
We know from <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> that women\u2019s philanthropy is driven by empathy, collaboration, and a desire to make an impact. Women are also drawn to an expanded definition of philanthropy,\u00a0 leveraging all their resources \u2013 not just money but also their time, expertise, advocacy, and networks \u2013 to support the causes they care about. In this way, women can lead through generosity to fund initiatives, raise awareness, and support community-led efforts that are making a difference in the lives of women and girls. Additionally, women can use their networks and influence to advocate for and amplify the voices of other women. By pulling on a multitude of levers to give, women \u2013 and their allies \u2013 can help advance gender equality.<\/span><\/p>If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
If you\u2019re looking for an organization to support, check out our <\/span>Women & Girls Index<\/span><\/a>, the only comprehensive index of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 organizations in the U.S. There, you can search by criteria like keyword, focus area, and geographic location to find an organization that aligns with your values.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Q. WPI\u2019s research examines how women give. Based on these data, how do women give differently than men and what are the results of their actions?<\/b><\/b><\/p>
WPI research shows that <\/span>women are more likely than men to give to charity<\/span><\/a>, and they donate higher amounts; this is true overall, and for every charitable cause area. Not only are there gender differences in giving activity, but women and men also tend to be motivated to give differently, give in different ways, and prioritize different outcomes in their philanthropy. For example, women are likely to give in a variety of ways, including <\/span>online giving platforms and social networks<\/span><\/a> or as part of a larger community, as we see in the rise of <\/span>giving circles<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
We also know that philanthropy is deeply personal \u2013 men and women have different experiences and perspectives that can influence how they approach giving and the causes they choose to support. It\u2019s no surprise, then, that <\/span>our research<\/span><\/a> shows that women are more likely to give, and give higher amounts, to support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes. Additionally, donors who support women\u2019s and girls\u2019 causes are often motivated by their own personal experiences, and the belief that funding women\u2019s and girls\u2019 initiatives leads to societal progress.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Q. WPI's 2023 Symposium: <\/b>All In, All Rise<\/i><\/b> that took place last week, explored what's possible when the full power of women's philanthropy is unleashed. What IS possible and what are the barriers preventing women donors from going \u201call in?\u201d<\/b><\/p>
From how women donors are treated to what causes are funded, gender inequity affects almost every aspect of philanthropy. Women, particularly women from marginalized communities, face systemic barriers such as discrimination, the gender pay gap, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities, which can limit their ability to give at the level they would like. Additionally, the philanthropic sector isn\u2019t tailored to women the way it is to men. For example, fundraisers may not be effectively reaching potential women donors and financial advisors may not be adequately equipped to advise women on their charitable giving. In understanding how, why and to what causes women give, we can all work towards a philanthropic environment that recognizes, celebrates, and promotes women\u2019s generosity.<\/span><\/p>When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
When women donors are \"all in,\" so is their potential to make a significant impact and create lasting change in their communities. When women donors are able to fully engage in philanthropy, they can direct more resources toward issues that disproportionately affect women and girls. As more women are empowered to participate in philanthropy, and recognize the diverse ways they already lean into generosity as philanthropy, there will also be an increase in diverse perspectives and experiences represented in the field. This can lead to more inclusive and effective philanthropic practices, particularly when it comes to addressing issues related to gender, race, and socioeconomic status.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Q. How have women donors used their influence to advance racial and gender equity? What can we expect in the future?<\/b><\/b><\/p>
Women have a long history of working for civil rights, racial equity, and gender equity in the United States. In our report <\/span>Women Give 2022: Racial Justice, Gender and Generosity<\/span><\/i><\/a>,<\/span> we explored how gender and other demographic factors affected giving to racial justice causes in 2020. We found that single women were more likely to give to racial justice causes and organizations than single men or couples. In particular, single women were much more likely than single men or couples to give to grassroots racial justice organizations. They were also more likely than single men to take action by donating to political candidates who support their views on racial equity issues. As women continue to garner economic power and influence, we can expect to see positive momentum towards racial and gender equity.<\/span>\n<\/span><\/p>Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Q. U.S. women control about $11 trillion in assets, which is expected to grow to $30 trillion by 2030. What advice would you give women donors who are new to the philanthropic space and want to make an impact?<\/b><\/b><\/p>
We have three pieces of advice for newer donors -- or donors at any stage in their giving journey!<\/span><\/p>Make a plan. <\/b>A strategic giving plan can inform choices that are right for your priorities, time, and budget. In Ellevest, we <\/span>outlined six steps to create a giving strategy<\/span><\/a> that is aligned with your values and financial priorities. To start, decide on your values and concerns: Meaningful philanthropy starts with values and then moves to specific actions and organizations. <\/span>Here<\/span><\/a> is a list of sample values and concerns we\u2019ve developed that you can use as a starting point. We also recommend using online tools and databases like Charity Navigator, Give.org, or CharityWatch to vet charitable organizations and help you feel more confident about where your donations are going.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>Collaborate with others. <\/b>Our research shows that women tend to prefer to give together. That can mean anything from joining a giving circle in your area, to talking about your giving with friends and family, to giving to a women\u2019s fund or community foundation that can vet organizations on your behalf. Collaborative giving benefits both recipients of charity as well as donors, helping you to meet like-minded people in your community.<\/span><\/li>Just start! <\/b>If you wait to make the perfect gift, to the perfect nonprofit, in the perfect way, expecting the perfect results, you\u2019ll never start your philanthropy journey. Start with one small gift to one organization you think is doing good work and addressing an issue you care about. Then, evaluate how you feel. You could make that a monthly recurring gift, or give to more organizations, or level up your giving in a certain area. But just start, and you\u2019ll learn as you move forward.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>","excerpt":"Q. From the U.S. to Iran, we\u2019ve seen growing calls for women\u2019s equality across the globe. Can you talk about the significance of women rallying together for change and how they can lead through generosity? Around the world, women are harnessing their ","byline":"","author":"Gender and Giving","author_bio":"","author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Gender and Giving","type":"partner_post","image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-700x394.jpg","gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/04145921\/Womens-Philanthropy-Institute-QA-Womens-Rising-Power-and-Influence-Part-Two-1-400x225.jpg","has_featured_image":true,"img_alt":null,"img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/partners\/gender-and-giving\/womens-philanthropy-institute-qa-womens-rising-power-and-influence-part-two","is_gc_original":true,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":"","audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":46,"name":"Philanthropy","slug":"philantropy"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":133,"name":"Women's Philanthropy","slug":"women-s-philanthropy"},{"id":176571,"name":"Research","slug":"research"},{"id":176572,"name":"Philanthropy Research","slug":"philanthropy-research"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["philantropy","region","north-america","women-s-philanthropy","research","philanthropy-research"],"_tags":["giving-compass-originals"]},{"id":216332,"title":"How to Support Nurse-Driven Solutions for Equitable Healthcare","summary":"\r\n \t\r\n\r\n \tThe Reimagining Nursing Initiative, sponsored by the American Nurses Foundation, helps invest in nurse-driven solutions to address healthcare disparities.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat is the role of nurses in advancing health equity?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more about how donors can support health equity here.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populationsReducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing toolsPaying nurses to meet patients wherever they areInvesting in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future","html_content":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses. Nurses\u2019 front-line role in patient care makes them a natural force for expanding access to care and reducing healthcare disparities.<\/p>
Nurses have the bold, transformative solutions to improve prevention, wellness, and delivery of health care services, but receive too few resources to implement them. As a catalyst of change, the American Nurses Foundation invests directly in nurses to fuel their ability to improve a system that often keeps certain people from obtaining the quality services they need and deserve.<\/p>
Through the\u00a0Reimagining Nursing Initiative<\/a>, the American Nurses Foundation funded bold projects developed and led by nurses to transform nursing for improved access, care, and outcomes for all. The initiative addresses critical pain points within the profession, and all the projects center equity as a priority. Here are some examples:<\/p>Preparing nursing students to care for diverse populations<\/strong><\/li>Reducing implicit biases in technology-enabled nursing tools<\/strong><\/li>Paying nurses to meet patients wherever they are<\/strong><\/li>Investing in nurse-led projects to drive a more equitable future<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Read the full article about investing in nurse-driven solutions in healthcare by Michelle Greanias at Grantmakers in Health. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"When you think about improving health care, who do you envision leading the charge for a more equitable future? There are no wrong answers, but perhaps one that does not immediately come to mind\u2014nurses.","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"Grantmakers in Health","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-health.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-to-support-nurse-driven-solutions-for-equitable-healthcare","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":26,"name":"Health","slug":"health"},{"id":53,"name":"Public Health","slug":"public-health"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["health","public-health","region","north-america"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216322,"title":"How Bus Drivers Help Support Homeless Students","summary":"\r\n \tVermont school districts are working with bus drivers and other transportation officials to best support students experiencing homelessness.<\/li>\r\n \tWhat are the long-term impacts of child homelessness on education? How can schools build wrap-around services that address student crises like homelessness?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn more on how to support homeless students.\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system.Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.","html_content":"U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
U.S. schools identified over a million students \u2014 2.2% of all learners \u2014 as homeless in 2020-21, the most recent school year for which data are available, according to a\u00a02022 report<\/a>. But even those figures undercount the issue as\u00a0thousands of districts reported zero homelessness<\/a>, a telltale sign they are failing to identify youth in need of help.<\/p>Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Students experiencing homelessness have lower overall attendance, standardized test scores and high school graduation rates than any other peer group. The limited data that exist suggest roughly the same share of youth in rural areas like Vermont experience homelessness as in urban areas, but with\u00a0far less of a social support system<\/a>.<\/p>Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Vermont has the second-highest per capita rate of homelessness in the nation, lower only than California\u2019s, according to a\u00a0December 2022 report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/a>. At the same time, the Green Mountain state provides temporary shelter to a higher share of its residents without homes than any other state, with 98% safely indoors on a point-in-time count from last year.<\/p>\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
\u201cWe\u2019ve got a brutal [housing]\u00a0affordability crisis<\/a>\u00a0in Vermont right now,\u201d U.S. Sen. Peter Welch told The 74 in an email. The legislator said he is proud of his state\u2019s efforts to shelter homeless families, but hopes school staff can also be part of longer-term solutions.<\/p>Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Once the Kingdom East school district knows a student is experiencing homelessness, its transportation staff continues to play a key role in supporting the child. If they\u2019re living at a shelter or motel, the busing director alters the routes so that the student is the first pickup and last dropoff to avoid outing them as homeless to their peers. At the end of the day, district guidance counselors hand off backpacks full of clothes and food to bus drivers who discreetly give them to children in need when they step off.<\/p>
\u201cThey\u2019re backpacks and people don\u2019t think anything of it,\u201d transportation manager Darlene Jewell said.<\/p>
Kara Lufkin, the homeless liaison for the St. Johnsbury school system, which neighbors Kingdom East, uses\u00a0MV Learning<\/a>, a Michigan-based company that trains school staff on\u00a0how to spot the signs of homelessness. The company provided training videos to her district\u2019s transportation fleet.<\/p>\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
\u201cIt\u2019s really just an awareness of what are some things to look for \u2026 that could potentially mean a student was homeless,\u201d she said.<\/p>
Read the full article about homeless students by Asher Lehrer-Small at The 74. Read the full article<\/a><\/button><\/p>","excerpt":"Transportation staff can recognize the \u201cred flags\u201d of possible homelessness when a student\u2019s pickup and dropoff locations change, advocates say...","byline":"","author":"Giving Compass","author_bio":null,"author_img_url":null,"publisher":"The 74","type":"post","image":null,"gc_medium_image":"https:\/\/cdn.www.hbhuluo.com\/images\/categories\/featured-category-human-services.jpg","has_featured_image":false,"img_alt":"","img_caption":"","gc_selection":false,"url":"\/\/www.hbhuluo.com\/article\/how-bus-drivers-help-support-homeless-students","is_gc_original":false,"is_evergreen":false,"footnotes":null,"audio":false,"pdf":null,"video":false,"date_added":"Apr 5, 2023","date_modified":"Apr 5, 2023","categories":[{"id":44,"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"id":54,"name":"Human Services","slug":"human-services"},{"id":76,"name":"Human Rights","slug":"human-rights"},{"id":110,"name":"Region","slug":"region"},{"id":111,"name":"North America","slug":"north-america"},{"id":163,"name":"Homelessness and Housing","slug":"homelessness-and-housing"},{"id":33092,"name":"Education (Other)","slug":"education-philanthropy"},{"id":176573,"name":"Children and Youth","slug":"children-and-youth"}],"_date_added":1680652800,"_date_modified":1680652800,"_categories":["education","human-services","human-rights","region","north-america","homelessness-and-housing","education-philanthropy","children-and-youth"],"_tags":[]},{"id":216330,"title":"Gender-affirming Care Has A Long History in the US \u2013 And Not Just For Transgender People","summary":"\r\n \tGender-affirming care is under attack despite its long history of helping many children and adults access the necessary healthcare services they need.<\/li>\r\n \tHow does gender-affirming care help transgender individuals? What are the barriers to accessing care?<\/li>\r\n \tLearn about gender-affirming reproductive care.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","intro":null,"content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201dIndeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested\u201d or \u201cexperimental,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S., and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.Treating gender in every populationAs a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women, primarily women experiencing menopause.I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s.Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the health or well-being of a child.Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.How transgender people access careMany transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis mal...","html_content":"In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
In 1976, a woman from Roanoke, Virginia, named Rhoda<\/a> received a prescription for two drugs: estrogen and progestin. Twelve months later, a local reporter noted Rhoda\u2019s surprisingly soft skin and visible breasts. He wrote that the drugs had made her \u201cso completely female.\u201d<\/p>Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Indeed, that was the point. The University of Virginia Medical Center in nearby Charlottesville had a clinic specifically for women like Rhoda. In fact, doctors there had been prescribing hormones and performing surgeries \u2013 what today we would call gender-affirming care \u2013 for years.<\/p>
The founder of that clinic, Dr. Milton Edgerton<\/a>, had cut his teeth caring for transgender people at Johns Hopkins University in the 1960s. There, he was part of a team that established the nation\u2019s first university-based Gender Identity Clinic in 1966.<\/p>When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
When politicians today refer to gender-affirming care as new, \u201cuntested<\/a>\u201d or \u201cexperimental<\/a>,\u201d they ignore the long history of transgender medicine in the United States.<\/p>It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
It\u2019s been nearly 60 years since the first transgender medical clinic opened in the U.S.<\/a>, and 47 years since Rhoda started her hormone therapy. Understanding the history of these treatments in the U.S. can be a helpful guide for citizens and legislators in a year when a record number of bills<\/a> in statehouses target the rights of transgender people.<\/p>Treating gender in every population<\/h2>As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
As a trans woman and a scholar of transgender history<\/a>, I have spent much of the past decade studying these issues<\/a>. I also take several pills each morning to maintain the proper hormonal balance in my body: spironolactone to suppress testosterone and estradiol to increase estrogen.<\/p>When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
When I began HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, like many Americans I wasn\u2019t aware that this treatment had been around for generations. What I was even more surprised to learn was that HRT is often prescribed to cisgender women \u2013 women who were assigned female at birth and raised their whole lives as women. In fact, many providers in my region already had a long record of prescribing hormones to cis women<\/a>, primarily women experiencing menopause.<\/p>I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
I also learned that gender-affirming hormone therapies have been prescribed to cisgender youths for generations \u2013 despite what contemporary politicians may think. Disability scholar Eli Clare has written of the history and continued practice of prescribing hormones<\/a> to boys who are too short and girls who are too tall for what is considered a \u201cnormal\u201d range for their gender. Because of binary gender norms that celebrate height in men and smallness in women, doctors, parents and ethicists have approved the use of hormonal therapies to make children conform to these gender stereotypes since at least the 1940s<\/a>.<\/p>Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Clare describes a severely disabled young woman whose parents \u2013 with the approval of doctors and ethicists from their local children\u2019s hospital \u2013 administered puberty blockers so that she would never grow into an adult. They deemed her mentally incapable of becoming a \u201creal\u201d woman.<\/p>
The history of these treatments demonstrates that hormone therapies and puberty blockers have been used on cisgender children in this country \u2013 for better or for worse \u2013 with the goal of regulating the passage from girlhood to womanhood and from boyhood to manhood. Gender stereotypes concerning the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristics \u2013 too tall, too short, too much body hair \u2013 have all led parents and doctors to perform gender-affirming care on cisgender children.<\/p>
For over half a century, legal and medical authorities in the U.S. have also approved and administered surgeries and hormone therapies to force the bodies of intersex children to conform to binary gender stereotypes. I myself had genital surgery in infancy to bring my anatomy into alignment with expectations for what a \u201cmale\u201d body should look like. In most cases, intersex surgeries are unnecessary for the<\/a> health or well-being<\/a> of a child.<\/p>Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Historians such as Jules Gill-Peterson have shown that early advances in transgender medicine<\/a> in this country are deeply interwoven with the nonconsensual treatment of intersex children<\/a>. Doctors at Johns Hopkins and the University of Virginia practiced reconstructing the genitalia of intersex people before applying those same treatments on transgender patients.<\/p>Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>How transgender people access care<\/h2>Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Given these intertwined histories, I contend that the current political focus on prohibiting gender-affirming care for transgender people is evidence that opposition to these treatments is not about the safety of any specific medications or procedures, but rather their use specifically by transgender people.<\/p>
Many transgender people in the U.S. have deeply complicated feelings about gender-affirming care. This complexity is a result of over half a century of transgender medicine and patient experiences in the U.S.<\/p>
In Rhoda\u2019s time, medical gatekeeping meant that she had to live \u201cfull time\u201d as a woman and prove her suitability for gender-affirming care to a team of primarily white, cis male doctors before they would give her treatment. She had to mimic language about being \u201cborn in the wrong body<\/a>\u201d \u2013 language invented by cis doctors studying trans people, not by trans people themselves. She had to affirm<\/a> she would be heterosexual and seek marriage and monogamy with a man. She could not be a lesbian or bisexual or promiscuous.<\/p>Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Many trans people still need to jump through similar hoops today to receive gender-affirming care. For example, a diagnosis of \u201cgender dysphoria<\/a>,\u201d a designated mental disorder, is sometimes required before treatment. Many trans people argue that these preconditions for access to care should be removed because being trans is an identity and a lived experience, not a disorder.<\/p>Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Feminist activists in the 1970s also critiqued the role of medical authority in gender-affirming care. Writer Janice Raymond decried \u201cthe transsexual empire<\/a>,\u201d her term for the physicians, psychologists and other professionals who practice transgender medicine. Raymond argued that cis male doctors were making an army of trans women to satisfy the male gaze: promoting iterations of womanhood that reinforced sexist gender stereotypes, ultimately ushering in the displacement and eradication of the world\u2019s \u201cbiological\u201d women. The origins of today\u2019s gender-critical, or trans-exclusionary radical feminist<\/a>, movement are visible in Raymond\u2019s words. But as trans scholar Sandy Stone wrote in her famous reply to Raymond<\/a>, it\u2019s not that trans women are unwilling dupes of cis male medical authority, but rather that we have to strategically perform our womanhood in certain ways to access the care and treatments we need.<\/p>The future of gender-affirming care<\/h2>In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
In many states, especially in the South, where I live, governors and legislatures are introducing bills to ban gender-affirming care \u2013 even for adults<\/a> \u2013 in ignorance of history. The consequences of hurried legislation extend beyond trans people, because access to hormones and surgeries is a basic medical service many people may need to feel better in their body.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Prohibitions on hormone therapy and gender-related surgeries for minors could mean ending the same treatment options for cisgender children<\/a>. The legal implications for intersex children<\/a> may directly clash with proposed legislation<\/a> in several states that aims to codify \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d as discrete biological sexes with certain anatomical features.<\/p>Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Prohibitions on hormone replacement therapy for adults could affect access to the same treatments for menopausal women or limit access to hormonal birth control. Prohibitions of gender-affirming surgeries could affect anyone\u2019s ability to access a hysterectomy or a mastectomy<\/a>. So-called cosmetic surgeries such as breast implants or reductions, and even facial feminization procedures such as lip fillers or Botox, could also come under question.<\/p>These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
These are all different types of gender-affirming procedures. Are most Americans willing to live with this level of government intrusion into their bodily autonomy?<\/p>
Almost every major medical organization<\/a> in the U.S. has come out against new government restrictions on gender-affirming care because, as doctors and professionals, they know that these treatments are time-tested and safe<\/a>. These treatments have histories reaching back over 50 years.<\/p>Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
Trans and intersex people are important voices in this debate, because our bodies are the ones politicians opposing gender-affirming care most frequently treat as objects of ridicule and disgust<\/a>. Legislators are developing policies about us despite the fact that most Americans say they do not even know a trans person<\/a>.<\/p>But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
But trans and intersex people know what it is like<\/a> to have to fight to access the care and treatment we need. And we know the joy of finally feeling comfortable in our own skin and being able to affirm our gender on our own terms.<\/p>G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
G. Samantha Rosenthal<\/a>, Associate Professor of History, Roanoke College<\/a><\/em><\/p>This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>
This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>. The<\/span>\u00a0Conversation<\/span>\u00a0is a nonprofit news source dedicated to spreading ideas and expertise from academia into\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0public discourse.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>